News production in the context of peripheral journalism: A study of News sourcing practices in mainstream print media in Kenya

Abstract

Peripheral journalism continues to influence news production globally. This study explored its adverse effects on traditional news production in Kenya and examine how the mainstream print media have countered its influences through their news-sourcing practices. In this study, peripheral journalism is defined as the gathering, processing, and dissemination of news by people outside the legacy media. The following questions guided the study: How has peripheral journalism influenced news sourcing in mainstream print media in Kenya? What practices do the print media use to enhance news sourcing in the context of peripheral journalism? How do journalists in Kenya perceive print media news-sourcing practices used in the context of peripheral journalism? The study embraced gatekeeping and source credibility theories for their fundamental roles in understanding traditional news production, as they are key pillars defining news sourcing practice. Methodologically, the qualitative research approach and case study research method and were adopted to answer the research questions. Purposive sampling was used to identify 22 journalists from two print media organizations in Kenya who participated in the study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect data, and thematic analysis was relied on to interpret the data through open, axial, and selective coding. The study found that peripheral journalism has compromised news sourcing in print media in Kenya in terms of information newsworthiness and quality. The instantaneous sharing of news on social media has made it more difficult for journalists to decide what information is novel while misinformation and disinformation from peripheral actors continue to affect the quality of ideas and information gathered. Peripheral journalism has also introduced new information-sourcing channels, including TikTok, and safety concerns, such as cyberbullying, that make it difficult for journalists to source quality information. It has also negatively impacted on the relationship between journalists and sources, leading to pestering. In response to these influences, the study found that mainstream print media in Kenya had strengthened their news sourcing practices by enhancing information verification mechanisms, diversifying information sources, and improving relations with primary news sources. They also rely on early planning, including early submission of dockets, and day-two journalism strategies, such as in-depth and contextual information sourcing, to maneuver the accelerated news processes. Additionally, they have embraced improved accountability measures, such as the careful selection of sources, and are contextually managing relevant editorial resources, including journalists. The study concludes that the print media in Kenya has developed robust response mechanisms to avert negative peripheral journalism influences. However, they should continue to monitor influences of the peripheral actors on traditional news production and remain responsive to readers‘ needs.