Abstract:
Women aged ≥ 40 years old are perimenopausal as they are in a transition phase marked with hormonal
fluctuations that signal the end of fertility. Although their fertility is reduced, they are still at risk of
pregnancy that is associated with adverse maternal-fetal compared to their younger counterparts.
Pregnancies among women older than forty years are often complicated by comorbidities such as
cardiovascular disease and malignancies; a situation that necessitates contraceptive use until
menopause.