Abstract:
Global research experts have indicated that there is a growing trend in climate change and variability. Climate
change has been altering the exposure of countries to weather related hazards, often exacerbating already
existing vulnerabilities over the recent decades. Increasingly, the weather experienced then in terms of amounts
of rainfall and temperature is no longer the same as it has always been over centuries based on previous records
and scientific findings. This paper sought to establish the perception of farmers on climate variability and
patterns in the Nzoia River Basin, Kenya. The study adopted descriptive, and correlative research design. Data
was collected using questionnaires, interview schedules and documented resource materials. The collected data
was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) whereas climatic data of rainfall and
temperature from Kenya Meteorological Service (KMS) and hectarage, and yield from the Ministry of
Agriculture was analyzed using Microsoft excel. Results were presented in form of tables, charts and graphs. The
study indicated that farmers had perceived an increase in temperature a decrease in rainfall, delay in onset of the
rains, erratic and poor distribution of rainfall over the study period. The farmer’s perceptions on climate risk as a
result of climate change and variability taking place in the basin has greatly influenced the cropping calendar,
on-farm investments and decision-making in agricultural management and production negatively affecting yield
of maize in the region. The study recommends that the Government could help to counteract the impact of
climate change on agriculture by investing in research, soil conservation measures, technology, irrigation and
water harvesting development, establishing local meteorology stations that will give farmers relevant
meteorological advice that will help them make informed farming options in each farming season.