Abstract:
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that individuals of all ages participate
in regular physical activity (PA) for optimal health and to support with the control of multiple
non-communicable diseases. In Kenya however, involvement in PA across the general pop-
ulation is low and there is an increase in sedentary lifestyles in both rural and urban areas.
An inverse relationship exists between socioeconomic status and involvement in PA. The
novel COVID-19 ushered in associated control measures to limit the spread of the virus.
These measures included staying at home, social distancing, and closure of physical
spaces such as gyms, public parks, sports grounds, outdoor playing areas and schools. The
impact was immediate, impacting patterns and routines of PA in Kenya. The primary aim of
this study was to verify if COVID-19 affected PA prevalence and patterns amongst adults in
Eldoret, Kenya. The secondary aim was to ascertain if the modification in behaviour is con-
sistent amongst individuals from different socioeconomic backgrounds. We used a cross-
sectional study to examine self-reported PA data amongst 404 participants. All participants
were �18 years and resided in Eldoret, Kenya. Data were collected using a self-adminis-
tered, structured questionnaire adapted from the WHO Global Physical Activity Question-
naire (WHO GPAQ). The characteristics of participants’ is summarized using descriptive
statistics, and bivariate analyses for measures of associations of variables was done using
Chi-squared and Fishers exact tests. Binary logistic regressions were performed to adjust
for the various factors and report associations between variables. The p-value considered
for significant differences was set at <0.05. Participants in this study had mean age of 30.2
±9.8 years. Almost 90% of the participants were not aware of the current WHO guidelines
on PA, 9% stopped PA engagement after COVID-19 was first reported in Kenya, and only
25% continued regular PA. Less than half maintained PA intensity after the advent of
COVID-19, with almost half reporting a drop. Males had a drop in time taken per PA session
while females maintained session lengths after COVID-19 (p = 0.03). Males preferred gym-
setup or mixed-type PA while females opted for indoor (home) aerobics before and after
COVID-19 (p = 0.01, p = 0.02 respectively). Compared to males, females were less likely to
achieve both vigorous- and moderate-intensity PA recommendations (p<0.01 and p = 0.02
respectively). Zone of residence was associated with participation in aerobic PA (p = 0.04;
95% CI = 0.02499–0.96086) and, similarly, level of education was associated with knowl-
edge of WHO recommendations for PA (p = 0.01; 95% CI = -1.7544 - -0.2070). A majority of the urban population of Eldoret, Kenya and especially those with lower level of education
are unaware of WHO recommendations for PA, and 30% of them have not engaged in any
form of PA for many years. The majority that report involvement in PA do not achieve the
WHO recommended threshold levels of PA. The results also indicated that COVID-19 has
negatively affected intensity of PA, and that there has been an increase in time spent sitting/
reclining amongst individuals in the higher socio-economic classes and specifically amongst
females.