School of Medicine: Recent submissions

Now showing items 1981-2000 of 2402

Risk factors for death in HIV-infected adult african patients recieving anti-retroviral therapy

Sika, AM; Kaloustian, K Wools-; Mwangi, AW; Kimaiyo, SN; Diero, LO; Ayuo, PO; Ong'or, WD Owino- (Ampath, 2010)

bjective: To determine risk factors for death in HIV-infected African patients on anti-retroviral therapy (ART). Design: Retrospective Case-control study. Setting: The MOH-USAID-AMPATH Partnership ambulatory HIV-care ...
Accuracy and acceptability of Oral fluid HIV self-testing in a general adult population in Kenya

Siika, Abraham M.; Were, Edwin; Kurth, Ann E.; Cleland, Charles M.; Nok, Chhun; Sidle, John E.; Naanyu, Violet; Emonyi, Wilfred; Macharia, Stephen M.; Sang, Edwin (Springer, 2016)

We evaluated performance, accuracy, and acceptability parameters of unsupervised oral fluid (OF) HIV self-testing (HIVST) in a general population in western Kenya. In a prospective validation design, we enrolled 240 adults ...
The role of gender in patient-provider relationships: a qualitative analysis of HIV care providers in Western Kenya with implications for retention in care

Knight, Jennifer; Wachira, Juddy; Kafu, Catherine; Braitstein, Paula; Wilson, Ira B.; Harrison, Abigail; Owino, Regina; Akinyi, Jacqueline; Koech, Beatrice (AIDS and Behaviour, 2019)

The disproportionate burden of HIV among women in sub-Saharan Africa reflects underlying gender inequities, which also impact patient-provider relationships, a key component to retention in HIV care. This study explored ...
Nurse management of Hypertension in rural Western Kenya: Implementation research to optimize delivery

Kimaiyo, Sylvester; Kamano, Jemima H.; Vedanthan, Rajesh (Ann Glob Health, 2016)

Background— Hypertension is the leading global risk factor for mortality. Hypertension treatment and control rates are low worldwide, and insufficient human resource capacity is among the contributing factors. Thus, a ...
Paper analytical devices for fast field screening of Beta Lactam antibiotics and antituberculosis pharmaceuticals

Weaver, Abigail A.; Reiser, Hannah; Barstis, Toni; Benvenuti, Michael; Ghosh, Debarati; Hunckler, Michael; Joy, Brittney; Koenig, Leah; Raddell, Kellie; Lieberman, Marya (ACS, 2013)

Reports of low-quality pharmaceuticals have been on the rise in the past decade, with the greatest prevalence of substandard medicines in developing countries, where lapses in manufacturing quality control or breaches in ...
Challenges with seeking HIV care services: perspectives of older adults infected with HIV in western Kenya

Kiplagat, Jepchirchir; Mwangi, Ann; Chasela, Charles; Huschke, Susann (BMC Public Health, 2019)

Background:While younger adults (15–49 years) form the majority of the population living with HIV, older adults(≥50 years) infected with HIV face multiple challenges related to the aging process and HIV. We explored the ...
Disclosure of HIV status to children in resource‐limited settings: a systematic review

Vreeman, Rachel C.; Gramelspacher, Anna Maria; Gisore, Peter O.; Scanlon, Michael L.; Nyandiko, Winstone M. (Wiley Online Library, 2013)

Introduction Informing children of their own HIV status is an important aspect of long‐term disease management, yet there is little evidence of how and when this type of disclosure takes place in resource‐limited settings ...
The diagnostic accuracy of Th1 (IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10) cytokines response in AFB microscopy smear negative PTB- HIV co-infected patients

Kisuya, Job; Chemtai, Alex; Raballah, Evans; Keter, Alfred; Ouma, Collins (Scientific Report, 2019)

Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) microscopy smear remains the most widely used laboratory diagnostic technique for Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) in low-and-middle income countries. Although it is highly specific, the sensitivity ...
The Antenatal Corticosteroids Trial (ACT): A secondary analysis to explore site differences in a multi-country trial

Esamai, Fabian; Althabe, Fernando (Reproductive Health, 2016)

Background: The Antenatal Corticosteroid Trial (ACT) assessed the fe asibility, effectiveness, and safety of a multifaceted intervention to increase the use of antenatal corticosteroids (ACS) in mothers at risk of ...
The prevalence of disclosure of HIV status to HIV - infected children in Western Kenya

Turissini, Matthew L.; Nyandiko, Winstone M.; Ayaya, Samuel O.; Marete, Irene; Mwangi, Ann; Chemboi, Victor; Warui, Lucy; Vreeman, Rachel C. (Oxford, 2013)

Background As antiretroviral therapy (ART) allows the world's 2.3 million human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected children to grow and thrive, these children need to be informed of their HIV status. Neither the prevalence ...
Definite hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia in a 60-year-old black Kenyan woman: A case report

Kiyeng, Joan Chepkorir; Siika, Abraham; Koech, Cornelius; Bloomfield, Gerald S. (Journal of Medical Case Reports, 2016)

Background: Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia is a rare autosomal dominant inherited disease characterized by vascular dysplasia. To the best of our knowledge, we report the first case in the literature of definite ...
Documentation of the clinical blood transfusion practice at a teaching and referral hospital in Western Kenya

Kipkulei, Japheth Chebii; Buziba, Nathan Gyabi; Mining, Simeon Kipkoech (2019)

Blood transfusion is an essential component of modern health care. It can restore normal life expectancy and improve quality of life when used safely. Blood is scarce, costly and its use could be associated. ...
Task-shifting of antiretroviral delivery from health care workers to persons living with HIV/AIDS: clinical outcomes of a community-based program in Ke

Selke, Henry M; Kimaiyo, Sylvester; Sidle, John E; Vedanthan, Rajesh; Tierney, William M; Changyu, Shen; Denski, Cheryl D; Katschke, Adrian R; Kaloustian, Kara Wools (Ampath, 2010-12)

Objectives: To assess whether community-based care delivered by people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWAs) could replace clinic-based HIV care. Design: Prospective cluster randomized controlled clinical trial. Setting: ...
Photovoice in Kenya: Using a Community-Based Participatory Research Method to Identify Health Needs

Kingery, Francesca P.; Naanyu, Violet; Allen, William; Pradip, Patel (Sage, 2016)

Photovoice, a community-based participatory research method, was utilized to delineate the health-related needs of a small rural community in Kenya. Within the Cherangany Constituency, 13 women were recruited and trained ...
“These are good problems to have…”: establishing a collaborative research partnership in East Africa

Tierney, William M.; Nyandiko, Winstone N.; Siika, Abraham M.; Wools-Kaloustian, Kara; Sidle, John E.; Kiplagat, Jepchirchir; Bell, April; Inui, Thomas S. (Springer, 2013)

In the context of a long-term institutional ‘twinning’ partnership initiated by Indiana and Moi Universities more than 22 years ago, a vibrant program of research has arisen and grown in size and stature. The history of ...
Ethnomedical survey of the plants used by traditional healers in Narok County, Kenya

Kigen, Gabriel; Kamuren, Zipporah; Njiru, Evangeline; Wanjohi, Bernard; Kipkore, Wilson (Hindawi, 2019)

Most of the plants used by herbalists amongst the various Kenyan communities have not been documented despite their wide spread use. The purpose of this research was to document the medicinal plants used by the herbalists ...
Acceptability of a pilot intervention of voluntary medical male circumcision and HIV education for street-connected youth in Western Kenya

Kibel, Mia; Shah, Pooja; Ayuku, David; Makori, Dominic; Kamaara, Eunice; Choge, Emily; Nyairo, Joyce; Abuyae, Pamela; Wahome, Mary; Wachira, Juddy; Braitstein, Paula (Journal of Adolescent Health, 2019)

Purpose Street-connected youth (SCY) in Kenya and elsewhere in sub–Saharan Africa are at high risk of HIV. Voluntary Male Medical Circumcision (VMMC) reduces the risk of female-to-male HIV transmission. Circumcision is ...
Gene Xpert Mtb/Rif specificity and sensitivity in Tuberculosis diagnosis using urine samples from HIV patients with signs of Tuberculosis at the Moi teaching and referral hospital in western Kenya

Mutai, Kennedy; Ng’wena, Gideon; Guyah, Benard (International Knowledge Press, 2016)

The Mycobacterium tuberculosis/Rifampin (Xpert MTB/RIF) has been reported to be a fast molecular tool in the determination of the existence of mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA in mucoid (sputum) samples. However, the deployment ...
Implementing a tuberculosis child contact register to quantify children at risk for tuberculosis and HIV in Eldoret, Kenya

Szkwarko, D.; Ogaro, F.; Owiti, P.; Carter, E. J. (International Union against Tuberculosis and lung disease, 2013)

Objective: To identify TB exposed children through the implementation of a child contact register (CCR). To assess the demographics of children exposed to TB and the potential for initiation of isoniazid preventive therapy ...
To research (or not) that is the question: ethical issues in research when medical care is disrupted by political action: a case study from Eldoret, Kenya

House, Darlene R; Marete, Irene; Meslin, Eric M (Journal of Medical Ethics, 2016)

While considerable attention has been focused on understanding the myriad of ethical analysis in international research in low and middle income countries, new issues always arise that have not been anticipated in guidelines ...

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