School of Medicine: Recent submissions

Now showing items 1841-1860 of 2401

Traditional and commercial alcohols and esophageal cancerrisk in Kenya

Some, Fatma; Chumba, David; Ayuo, Paul; Osano, Odipo; Kigen, NIcholas; Menya, Diana (International Journal of Cancer, 2019)

Squamous cell esophageal cancer is common throughout East Africa, but its etiology is poorly understood. We investigated the contribution of alcohol consumption to esophageal cancer in Kenya, based on a hospital-based ...
Prevalence of psychiatric morbidity in a community sample in Western Kenya

Kwobah, Edith; Epstein, Steve; Mwangi, Ann; Litzelman, Debra; Atwoli, Lukoye (BMC Psychiatry, 2017)

Background: About 25% of the worldwide population suffers from mental, neurological and substance use disorders but unfortunately, up to 75% of affected persons do not have access to the treatment they need. Data on ...
Pitfalls of practicing cancer epidemiology in resource-limited settings: the case of survival and loss to follow-up after a diagnosis of Kaposi’s sarcoma in five countries across sub-Saharan Africa

Freeman, E.; Semeere, A.; Wenger, M.; Bwana, M.; Asirwa, F.C.; Bohlius, Julia; Egger, Matthias; Yiannoutsos, Constantin; Wools-Kaloustian, Kara; Martin, Jeffrey (Springer, 2016)

Background: Survival after diagnosis is a fundamental concern in cancer epidemiology. In resource-rich settings, ambient clinical databases, municipal data and cancer registries make survival estimation in real-world ...
Community Health Volunteers in Primary Healthcare in Rural Uganda: Factors Influencing Performance

Owiti, Philip (Kidney International Reports, 2017)

Introduction: Community health volunteers (CHVs) play an integral role in primary healthcare. Several countries rely on CHV programs as a major element in improving access to care and attaining universal health coverage. ...
Absence of HIV-Associated Nephropathy Among Antiretroviral Naive Adults With Persistent Albuminuria in Western Kenya

Koech, M.K. (Elsevier, 2017)

Introduction: HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) has been strongly linked to African ancestry. However, studies have demonstrated wide variability in the prevalence of HIVAN in different sub-Saharan African populations. ...
Sexual learning among East African adolescents in the context of generalized HIV epidemics: A systematic qualitative meta- synthesis

Naanyu, Violet (Creative Commons, 2017)

AIDS-related illness is the leading cause of mortality for adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa. Together, Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda account for 21% of HIV-infected adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa. The United Nations ...
“Once you join the streets you will have to do it”: sexual practices of street children and youth in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya

Embleton, Lonnie; Wachira, Juddy; Kamanda, Allan; Naanyu, Violet; Winston, Susanna; Ayuku, David; Braitstein, Paula (Springer, 2015)

Background Adolescents living in HIV endemic settings face unique sexual health risks, and in the context of abject poverty, orphanhood, social marginalization, and discrimination, adolescents may be particularly at-risk ...
Neonatal mortality and coverage of essential newborn interventions 2010 - 2013: a prospective, population-based study from low-middle income countries

Mwenche, Musaku; Moore, Janet L.; Patel, Archana; Esamai, Fabian; Chomba, Elwyn; Liechty, Edward A.; Hambidge, K. Michael; Krebs, Nancy Ff; Hibberd, Patricia L.; Goldenberg, Robert L.; Koso-Thomas, Marion (Springer, 2015)

Background: Approximately 3 million neonatal deaths occur each year worldwide. Simple interventions have been tested and found to be effective in reducing the neonatal mortality. In order to effectively implement public ...
Improving Access to Maternal Health Care through Devolution in Western Kenya

Kilonzo, Susan; Kamaara, Eunice; Magak, Kitche (Institute of Development Studies, 2017)

Devolution was greeted with great anticipation in Kenya as a means of bringing services closer to the people. However, since the implementation of the recent devolution reforms, criticism has mounted, with evidence of ...
Health shocks and natural resource management: Evidence from Western Kenya

Damon, Maria; Graff Zivin, Joshua; Thirumurthy, Harsha (Elsevier, 2015)

Poverty and altered planning horizons brought on by the HIV/AIDS epidemic can change individual discount rates, altering incentives to conserve natural resources. Using longitudinal household survey data from Western Kenya, ...
Factors associated with the high prevalence of oesophageal cancer in Western Kenya: a review

Kigen, Gabriel; Busakhala, Naftali; Kamuren, Zipporah; Rono, Hillary; Kimalat, Wilfred; Njiru, Evangeline (BMC, 2017)

Oesophageal carcinoma (OC) is highly prevalent in Western Kenya especially among the members of the Kalenjin community who reside in the Northern and Southern areas of the Rift Valley. Previous authors have suggested potential ...
Chamas for Change: an integrated community-based strategy of peer support in pregnancy and infancy in Kenya

Christoffersen-Deb, A.; Ruhl, L.; Elung’at, J.; Atieno, M.; Snelgrove, J.; Songok, J. (Elsevier, 2015)

Background Many women and children face the challenges of pregnancy and infancy without supportive relationships at home or in the community. To address this problem, the Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare ...
Addressing the 3A’s (Availability, Accountability, Adherence) of Supply Chain Systems in Western Kenya

Kigen, Gabriel; Tonui, Edith (American Chemical Society, 2017)

The right to access essential medicines and medical technologies is crucial to attain the highest-quality health care for all citizens of the world. Unfortunately, in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) around ...
Leveraging peer-based support to facilitate HIV care in Kenya

Njuguna, Benson; Wachira, Juddy; Ngetich, Celia; Some, Fatma; Owino, Regina K. (PLOS Medicine, 2017)

In sub-Saharan Africa, hospitalized patients with HIV, most of whom present with advanced stage disease, have poor post-admission linkage and retention rates in outpa- tient HIV care. Limited success in transitioning ...
A prospective observational description of frequency and timing of antenatal care attendance and coverage of selected interventions from sites in Argentina, Guatemala, India, Kenya, Pakistan and Zambia

Bucher, Sherri; Marete, Irene; Tenge, Constance; Liechty, Edward A.; Esamai, Fabian; Patel, Archana; Otieno, Kevin; Hambidge, K Michael; Moore, Janet L.; Wallace, Dennis D.; Saleem, Sarah; Koso-Thomas, Marion; Chemweno, Carolyne (Springer, 2015)

Background: The Global Network for Women’ s and Children ’ s Health Research is one of the largest international networks for testing and generating evidence-based reco mmendations for improvement of maternal-child ...
Institutional care of children in low - and middle - income settings: challenging the conventional wisdom of Oliver Twist

Braitstein, Paula (Global health, 2015)

Whether institutions or extended families are better suited to care for orphans depends on the specific circumstances. Reported rates of traumatic experiences among orphans and vulnerable children are high in both institutions ...
Venous Thromboembolism Requiring Extended Anticoagulation Among HIV- Infected Patients in a Rural, Resource- Constrained Setting in Western Kenya

Kanyi, John; Karwa, Rakhi; Imran Manji, Imran (Sage, 2017)

Background: HIV-infected patients are at an increased risk of developing venous thromboembolism (VTE), and minimal data are available to describe the need for extended treatment. Objective: To evaluate the frequency of ...
A national standards-based assessment on functionality of electronic medical records systems used in Kenyan public-Sector health facilities.

Kamanga, Davies; Odawa, Patrick (PMC, 2017)

Variations in the functionality, content and form of electronic medical record systems (EMRs) challenge national roll-out of these systems as part of a national strategy to monitor HIV response. To enforce the EMRs minimum ...
Outcomes for preterm babies during the neonatal period in Kisii Teaching and Referral Hospital, Kenya

Esamai, Fabian; Mochama, Rhodah S.; Rotich, Evelyne (Global Journal ofHealthSciences, 2019)

Purpose: Preterm birth is a global problem with the greatest burden experienced in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. In Kenya it is estimated that 12.3/100 live births are born preterm and prematurity ...
Effects of malaria/helminthic coinfections on cervical cancer progression among sub Saharan African women on highly active antiretroviral therapy: A scoping review

Menon, Sonia; Mabeya, Hillary; Harmon, Stacy (Science direct, 2019)

Abstract In Africa, the HIV prevalence in rural areas has begun to reach levels estimated within urban settings, where women are also more at risk for both malaria and intestinal parasitic infections. The objective of ...

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