School of Medicine: Recent submissions

Now showing items 1781-1800 of 2401

The impact of a global health elective on CanMEDS competencies and future practice

Lanys, Ashley; Krikler, Gena; Spitzer, Rachel F. (Human resources for health, 2020)

Background:There is evidence that participating in global health electives generates positive educational outcomes and personal benefits for medical trainees. The objective of this study was to examine the effect and impact ...
Can the financial burden of being a community health volunteer in western Kenya exacerbate poverty?

Kelly, Alyssa; Mitra, Sanjana; Elung’at, Justus; Songok, Julia (Health promotion international, 2020)

Community health volunteers (CHVs) act as vital links between communities and health facilities, bridging the health service delivery gap common in low- and middle-income countries. In 2013, changes in funding in western ...
Real-world use of chemotherapy forKaposi’s sarcoma in a large community-based HIV primary care system in Kenya

Freeman, Esther E.; Busakhala, Naftali; Regan, Susan; Asirwa, Fredrick Chite (BMC Cancer, 2020)

Background:Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) is one of the most common HIV-associated malignancies in sub-Saharan Africa.Worldwide, the availability of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has improved KS survival. In resource-rich settings, ...
Oligohydramnios: a prospective study of fetal, neonatal and maternal outcomes in low-middle income countries

Esamai, Fabian; Swanson, Jonathan; Nathan, Robert (Reproductive health, 2020)

Background:Oligohydramnios is a condition of abnormally low amniotic fluid volume that has been associated with poor pregnancy outcomes. To date, the prevalence of this condition and its outcomes has not been well described ...
Detection and concentration of plasma aflatoxin is associated with detection of oncogenic human papillomavirus in Kenyan women

Orang’o, Omenge; Tonui, Philip; Tong, Yan; Maina, Titus; Kiptoo, Stephen; Muthoka, Katpen (Oxford University Press, 2019)

Background Cervical cancer is common in Kenyan women. Cofactors in addition to infection with oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) are likely to be important in causing cervical cancer, because only a small percentage ...
Reciprocity in international interuniversity globalhealth partnerships

Yarmoshuk, Aaron N.; Cole, Donald C.; Mwangu, Mughwira; Guantai, Anastasia Nkatha; Zarowsky, Christina (Springer, 2019)

Interuniversity global health partnerships are often between parties unequal in organizational capacity and performance using conventional academic output measures. Mutual benefit and reciprocity are called for but literature ...
The international partner universities of East African health professional programmes: why do they do it and what do they value?

Yarmoshuk, Aaron N.; Cole, Donald C.; Guantai, Anastasia Nkatha; Mwangu, Mughwira; Zarowsky, Christina (Springer, 2019)

Background:Globalization and funding imperatives drive many universities to internationalize through global health programmes. University-based global health researchers, advocates and programmes often stress the importance ...
Classification using ensemble learning under weightedmisclassification loss

Yizhen Xu, Tao Liu; Daniels, Michael J.; Kantor, Rami; Mwangi, Ann; Hogan, Joseph W. (Wiley, 2019)

Binary classification rules based on covariates typically depend on simple loss functions such as zero-one misclassification. Some cases may require more com-plex loss functions. For example, individual-level monitoring ...
Iodine status in western Kenya: a community-based cross-sectional survey of urinary and drinking water iodineconcentrations

Watts, Michael J.; Menya, Diana; Farebrother, Jessica; Osano, Odipo (Environ Geochem Health, 2019)

Spot urinary iodine concentrations (UIC)are presented for 248 individuals from western Kenya with paired drinking water collected between 2016and 2018. The median UIC was 271lgL-1, ranging from 9 to 3146lgL-1, unadjusted ...
Validating mental health assessment in Kenya using an innovative gold standard.

Watson, Leah K.; Kaiser, Bonnie N.; Giusto, Ali M.; Ayuku, David (International journal of psychology, 2019)

With the growing burden of mental health disorders worldwide, alongside efforts to expand availability of evidence-based interventions, strategies are needed to ensure accurate identification of individuals suffering from ...
Validation of a self‐report adherence measurement tool among a multinational cohort of children living with HIV in Kenya, South Africa and Thailand

Vreeman, Rachel C.; Scanlon, Michael L.; Slaven, James E.; McAteer, Carole I .; Nyandiko, Winstone M. (JIAS, 2019)

Introduction: There are few data on adherence and low-cost measurement tools for children living with HIV. We collected prospective data on adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) among a multinational cohort of children ...
Validation of an HIV/AIDS stigma measure for children living with HIV and their families

Vreeman, Rachel Christine; Scanlo, Michael Lawrence; McAteer, Carole; Aluoch, Josephine; Ayaya, Samuel (Sage, 2019)

Background:There are few validated tools to measure stigma, particularly among children living with HIV and their families.Methods:This study was nested within a larger study that followed 240 child–caregiver dyads (children ...
The AEIOU of essential diagnostics: align, expand, implement, oversee, and update

Oettingen, Julia E von; Ginsburg, Ophira; Kishore, Sandeep P (Lancet, 2019)

Heart attack, diabetes, cancer: these common clinical diagnoses can (and should) be confirmed with a diagnostic test. However, in large parts of the world, up-to-date, cost-effective, and ...
Virtual hyperspectral imaging of eyelids - mHematology for blood hemoglobin analysis

Vedanthan, Rajesh; Ray, Mondira; Fuster, Valentin; Magenheim, Ellen (Hypertension, 2019)

Elevated blood pressure is the leading cause of death worldwide; however, treatment and control rates for hypertension are low. Here, we analyze the relationship between physician and nurse density and hypertension treatment ...
Hypertension treatment rates and health care worker density

Vedanthan, Rajesh; Ray, Mondira; Fuster, Valentin; Magenheim, Ellen (Hypertension, 2019)

Elevated blood pressure is the leading cause of death worldwide; however, treatment and control rates for hypertension are low. Here, we analyze the relationship between physician and nurse density and hypertension treatment ...
Hypertension management in rural western Kenya: a needs-based health workforce estimation model

Kamano, Jemima H.; Kiptoo, Peninah; Tulienge, Deborah; Kimaiyo, Sylvester (Springer, 2019)

Background:Elevated blood pressure is the leading risk for mortality in the world. Task redistribution has been shown to be efficacious for hypertension management in low- and middle-income countries. However, the workforce ...
Community health workers improve linkage to hypertension care in Western Kenya

Orango, Vitalis; Velazquez, Eric J.; Were, Martin C.; Kimaiyo, Sylvester; Kamano, Jemima H. (Elsevier, 2019)

BACKGROUND Elevated blood pressure (BP) is the leading global risk factor for mortality. Delay in seeking hypertension care is associated with increased mortality. OBJECTIVES This study investigated whether community health ...
Double robust efficient estimators of longitudinal treatment effects: comparative performance in simulations and a case study

Tran, Linh; Yiannoutsos, Constantin; Kaloustian, Kara Wools; Siika, Abraham (De Gruyter, 2019)

A number of sophisticated estimators of longitudinal effects have been proposed for estimating the intervention-specific mean outcome. However, there is a relative paucity of research comparing these methods directly ...
Trends of antenatal care during pregnancy in low- and middle-income countries: Findings from the global network maternal and newborn health registry

Maretel, Irene; Tengel, Constance; Esamai, Fabian; Tikmania, Shiyam Sunder; Ali, Sumera Aziz (Semin Perinatol, 2019)

Background Antenatal care (ANC) is an important opportunity to diagnose and treat pregnancy-related complications and to deliver interventions aimed at improving health and survival of both mother and the infant. Multiple ...
Including ultrasound scans in antenatal care in low-resource settings: Considering the complementarity of obstetric ultrasound screening and maternity waiting homes in strengthening referral systems in low-resource, rural settings

Mirza, Waseem; Muyodi, David; Figueroa, Lester; Goldsmith, Nicole; Kanaiza, Nancy (Science direct, 2019)

Recent World Health Organization (WHO) antenatal care recommendations include an ultrasound scan as a part of routine antenatal care. The First Look Study, referenced in the WHO recommendation, subsequently shows that the ...

Now showing items 1781-1800 of 2401

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