Abstract:
Background: Maternal education is strongly associated with young child nutrition outcomes. However, the
threshold of the level of maternal education that reduces the level of undernutrition in children is not well
established. This paper investigates the level of threshold of maternal education that influences child nutrition
outcomes using Demographic and Health Survey data from Malawi (2010), Tanzania (2009–10) and Zimbabwe
(2005–06).
Methods: The total number of children (weighted sample) was 4,563 in Malawi; 4,821 children in Tanzania; and
3,473 children in Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Surveys. Using three measures of child nutritional status:
stunting, wasting and underweight, we employ a survey logistic regression to analyse the influence of various levels
of maternal education on child nutrition outcomes.
Results: In Malawi, 45 % of the children were stunted, 42 % in Tanzania and 33 % in Zimbabwe. There were 12 %
children underweight in Malawi and Zimbabwe and 16 % in Tanzania.The level of wasting was 6 % of children in
Malawi, 5 % in Tanzania and 4 % in Zimbabwe. Stunting was significantly (p values < 0.0001) associated with
mother’s educational level in all the three countries. Higher levels of maternal education reduced the odds of child
stunting, underweight and wasting in the three countries. The maternal threshold for stunting is more than ten
years of schooling. Wasting and underweight have lower threshold levels.
Conclusion: These results imply that the free primary education in the three African countries may not be sufficient
and policies to keep girls in school beyond primary school hold more promise of addressing child undernutrition.
