This paper presents an optimized inverse-time overcurrent relay (OCR) setting and coordination methodology for interconnected high-voltage and medium-voltage (HV/MV) transmission systems, validated on a real 110 kV/15 kV ...

Research on biodegradable materials has gained significant attention due to increasing environmental awareness. Starch, as a biodegradable polymer readily available from agricultural resources, is a promising candidate for ...

In most African countries, supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), such as silica fume, slag, and fly ash, are scarce, creating a need for alternative low-clinker cement that utilises locally abundant resources. ...

Access to clean and affordable energy is a key enabler of development. Biogas is anessential renewable and sustainable energy that has great potential in meetingenergy requirements, especially in areas with limited access ...

In construction industry, sand is a major raw material besides water, cement, gravel and steel. The quality of sand is vital in development of firm structures in construction. Thus, for construction industry to remain ...

Like in most Sub-Saharan Africa, biomass is the most consumed fuel in overall Kenyan energy demand. In addition to biomass, other end-use fuels are also consumed in the country, mostly by economic sectors. However, electricity ...

Thermochemical treatment of empty fruit bunches (EFBs) had been proven to be the fastest way of converting this agro-industrial waste into value. Two-step carbonization and activation was used to convert the EFB to activated ...

Purpose: This study assesses the impact of biogas adoption on household energy use and livelihood improvement. Also, this study aims to clarify the benefits of biogas adoption as a pathway to sustainable household energy. ...

Growing concerns over climate change have underscored the need for rapid actions to mitigate its impacts. In that regard, this study sought to assess greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions linked to total final energy consumption ...

Rapid population increase coupled with industrialization has led to rise in global energy demand leading to skyrocketing of energy prices. Diversification in energy resources is essential to reduce overdependence on certain ...