Abstract:
Household transition to cleaner cooking fuels (e.g. liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)) has historically been
understood as an “energy ladder” with clean energy access resulting from improvements in household
socioeconomic status (SES). Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of supply-side
determinants in increasing clean cooking, yet few large-scale studies have assessed their significance
quantitatively. As part of the CLEAN-Air(Africa) study, a population-based survey was conducted (N =
5,638) assessing cooking practices in peri-urban communities within Cameroon, Kenya and Ghana.
Multilevel logistic and log-linear regression were used to assess socioeconomic and supply-side
determinants of LPG usage (primary versus secondary fuel) and consumption (kilograms/capita/year),
respectively. Supply-side factors (e.g. cylinder refill and transportation costs) and using single versus
multi-burner stoves were better predictors of both the probability of primarily cooking with LPG and
annual LPG consumption than household SES. These results suggest the need for policies promoting
LPG access and stove equipment that meet household needs.