Abstract:
Aims To compile and analyze critically the literature published on street children and substance use in resourceconstrained
settings. Methods We searched the literature systematically and used meta-analytical procedures to
synthesize literature that met the review’s inclusion criteria. Pooled-prevalence estimates and 95% confidence intervals
(CI) were calculated using the random-effects model for life-time substance use by geographical region as well as
by type of substance used. Results Fifty studies from 22 countries were included into the review. Meta-analysis of
combined life-time substance use from 27 studies yielded an overall drug use pooled-prevalence estimate of 60% (95%
CI = 51–69%). Studies from 14 countries contributed to an overall pooled prevalence for street children’s reported
inhalant use of 47% (95% CI = 36–58%). This review reveals significant gaps in the literature, including a dearth of
data on physical and mental health outcomes, HIV and mortality in association with street children’s substance use.
Conclusions Street children from resource-constrained settings reported high life-time substance use. Inhalants are
the predominant substances used, followed by tobacco, alcohol and marijuana
