Abstract:
This work was supported by a Dermatology Foundation Career Development Award (Freeman). Research reported in this publication was also supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) and the National Cancer Institute (NCI) in accordance with the regulatory requirements of the National Institutes of Health under Award Numbers U01AI069911 (East Africa IeDEA Consortium), U01AI069919 (West Africa IeDEA Consortium), K23 AI136579, K24 AI141036, U54 CA190153 and P30 AI027763. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.
IRB Status: This study was approved by all associated institutional review boards including Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital in Kenya, National Hospital Abuja in Nigeria, Princess Marina Hospital Ethics Committee and the Botswana Ministry of Health and Wellness’s Health Research Development Committee in Botswana, Partners Healthcare (IRB exemption) and the University of Pennsylvania in the United States.