http://ir.mu.ac.ke:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/12 2026-04-21T01:24:05Z http://ir.mu.ac.ke:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/7895 Wildlife - human conflict in Kenya: integrating wildlife conservation with human needs in the Masai Mara region Omondi, Paul Masai Mara, a large nature reserve ln south-western Kenya, was created ln the mldst 01 semi-arld agropastorallst rangelands to protect wlldllle. Wildllle and indlgenous people co-exlsted lor many years, usually wlth IImlted conflict; but in recent years, the conflict has Intenslfied, mainly due to Increaslng human population, changing land use patterns, and altered perceptions 01 wildllle. This study examines the causes and nature 01 wlldllle-human confilct ln the Maasal rangelands of Kenya, and conslders how wildllfe conservation and human development needs can best be Integrated. Flndlngs Indicate that common conflicts are IIvestock depredatlon and crop damage, human deaths or Injuries, transmission of dlseases, and competition for resources. Land surroundlng the reserve can be dlvlded Into Iwo distinct topographlc and agrocllmatlc reglons. The degree of conflict Is spatlally varled wlthln the reglon. Upland ranches have hlgh land use potentlal, high human and IIvestock population denslties, and more development of agriculture. They experlence IImlted conflict with wildllfe. Lowland ranches are more arld, have lower human population denslty and IIttle agriculture, but have hlgh wildlife and IIvestock population densltles and experience a hlgh degree of confllct. These confllcts vary seasonally, and wlth distance from the protected area. Perceptions of wildllfe and attitudes towards conservation are related to past experlence wlth wlldllfe. The degree of loss, effectlveness of damage control, falrness of government compensation, and Involvement ln wlldllfe tourlsm affect the degree of tolerance for wlldllfe confllct. Varlous soclo-economlc factors Includlng level of education, knowledge of conservation prlorltles, and system of land ownershlp are related to attitudes towards wlldllfe. As human activlty Increases ln the reglon, wlldlife 15 more IIkely to be dlsplaced. Because most animais are mlgratory, conflict ln the land surroundlng the reserve puts the vlabllity of animai population ln the protected area in question. A Iwo-phase pr:lgram for Integrating wlldlife conservation wlth human needs Is proposed. The tlrat phase Involves deslgnatlon of the reglon Into four zones: Zone A - the protected area, Zone B -the peripheral area, Zone C - multiple usa, and Zone 0 - agriculture. The second phase of the program Is the Integration of the wlldllfe conservation wlth human Interests through: communlty wildllfe-damage-control, compensation for 1055, sharing of tourlsm benefits with local people, conservation education, and local participation in wildlife conservation pollcy. The program provides a framework wlthln which operational decislons can be made, and serves broader natural resource management and communlty development objectives ln the rangelands• 1994-01-01T00:00:00Z http://ir.mu.ac.ke:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/5362 Impact of climate change and application of ecosystem Based adaptation in Kakamega forest, Kenya Aseta, John Ayieko Climate change has direct impacts on forest ecosystems, like changes in productivity, functional trait composition and species extinction or range redistribution. These changes have been associated with increased drought stress, drying or dieback. Climate change can also have indirect impacts on forest ecosystems, for example, increased fire frequency .Worldwide and regional climate simulations for the next few decades project changes in precipitation and warming that may seriously impact major biomes all over the world. The general objective of this study was to assess the impact of climate change on forest ecosystems in Kenya with special emphasis to the application of Ecosystem-based Adaptation to climate change in Kakamega Tropical Rainforest Ecosystem. The specific objectives were: to establish the spatial and temporal characteristics of climate change in Kakamega Tropical Rainforest ecosystem, to analyze ecosystem services of Kakamega Tropical Rainforest, o assess the impact of climate change on Kakamega Tropical Rainforest Ecosystem, to evaluate Ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) initiatives to climate change in Kakamega Tropical Rainforest ecosystem and to establish challenges and constraints facing implementation of EbA initiatives in Kakamega Tropical Rainforest ecosystem. This study was descriptive and cross-sectional in design and relied on a mixed methods approach. Anthropogenic Global Warming Theory and Adaptive Management Theory were used to guide the study. The study also utilized a conceptual framework showing the interrelationship between the independent (climate change) and dependent variables (forest ecosystem). The study utilized both primary and secondary data. The target population was 20,000 households living up to 10km from the forest edge in the selected communities neighbouring Kakamega Tropical Rainforest and 53 government officials within Kakamega County. A total of 184 members of the households were selected using stratified random sampling design and 20 forest officers were purposively sampled as respondents in the study. The study findings revealed that the spatial and temporal characteristics of climate change was very extreme temperatures and precipitation (the results revealed that temperature is increasing by 0.04°C per annum while rainfall amounts have dropped by 150mm for the past fifty three years that is since 1967 to 2020 in the region), the forest ecosystem was also a source of many services to the surrounding community, it also had a great impact on the surrounding community. Several challenges to the forest ecosystem existed such as high population growth rate, uncertainties around future climate change, deforestation, poverty, economic reasons like fluctuation of markets as some of the constraints or challenges facing the implementation of EbA initiatives. The study recommends that there is need for afforestation and conservation of the forest to get rid of extreme temperatures and precipitation since it is a source of many services to the surrounding communities and that the forest ecosystem helps to adapt or mitigate climate change among others. The study suggest for a further research in other forest ecosystems in Kenya on the effects of forest destruction on the socio- economic conditions of the neighbouring communities. 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z http://ir.mu.ac.ke:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/2141 Effect of Leadership Styles on Performance of Local Governments in Uganda. A Case of Mbale District Nandutu J.; Magolo A; Gimuguni L. Leadership is one of the critical approaches used to manage employee performance within organizations. How a leader directs and guides subordinates depends greatly on leadership style(s). Local governments need effective leadership style(s) to operate efficiently. Mbale local government leadership is persistently facing friction between managers and their subordinates in areas of responsibility and decision making. There was need to establish the leadership style(s) employed by managers of Mbale Local government. Study objectives; to find out how autocratic, laissez-faire styles of leadership affected employee performance, establish the relationship between democratic leadership and employee performance. Descriptive research design was used. Study Population included; district executive council, councilors, Heads of departments and technical staff. Qualitative approach was employed in data analysis. Questionnaires and interview guide were used to collect data. The key findings; autocratic and laissez-fair leadership styles dominated Mbale local government leadership, the study revealed positive relationship between democratic style of leadership and employee performance. Ignorance about leadership styles was found critical. In conclusion, leaders use the right leadership styles to influence subordinates in organizations for effective performance. The study recommends amongothers, capacity building of leaders on leadership styles 2014-10-01T00:00:00Z http://ir.mu.ac.ke:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/1908 Language education as s catalyst in documenting local languages: a case of the Lubukusu noun phrase Ndalila, Henry K. This paper focuses on the important role that Language education can play in the documentation of local languages. According to Ethnologue, there are currently about 7,000 living languages in the world. 90% of the languages, it is believed, will be extinct by 2050. In Kenya Bong’om, Omotik, Ongamo, Sogoo, Suba and Terik are on the verge of being extinct. This study therefore aims at bringing out how language education can be useful in documenting and preserving the Lubukusu Noun Phrase data. This study’s objectives are to: - describe the Lubukusu substantive and derived noun, find out the co occurrence pattern of the Lubukusu head noun and modifiers and finally describe the agreement patterns within the Lubukusu noun phrase. This study is important in documenting Lubukusu and the realization of Chapter 2 section 7 of the 2010 Kenyan constitution. Furthermore, it goes a long way in supporting the language policy on the use of mother tongue in Kenyan lower primary schools. The study was carried out in Bungoma County. From the study it was established that Lubukusu substantive nouns are different from Lubukusu derived nouns, most Lubukusu modifiers occur after the head noun and agreement mostly involves the modifiers copying the head noun’s prefix structure. 2015-09-01T00:00:00Z