School of Dentistryhttp://ir.mu.ac.ke:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/632024-03-28T21:34:23Z2024-03-28T21:34:23ZGeospatial Analysis of Dental Access and Workforce Distribution in KenyaOkumu, Brenda A.Tennant, MarcKruger, EstieKemoli, Arthur M.Roberts, Frank A.http://ir.mu.ac.ke:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/76502023-06-26T14:47:15Z2022-01-01T00:00:00ZGeospatial Analysis of Dental Access and Workforce Distribution in Kenya
Okumu, Brenda A.; Tennant, Marc; Kruger, Estie; Kemoli, Arthur M.; Roberts, Frank A.
Background and objective: One of the major factors affecting access to quality oral healthcare in low- and middle-income countries is the under-supply of the dental workforce. The aim of this study was to use Geographical Information System (GIS) to analyse the distribution and accessibility of the dental workforce and facilities across the Kenyan counties.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study targeting dental professionals and their practices in Kenya in 2013. Using QGIS 3.16, these data were overlaid with data on population size and urbanization levels. For access measurement, buffers were drawn around each clinic at distances of 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 km, and the population within each determined.
Findings: Nine hundred six dental professionals in 337 dental clinic locations were included in the study. Dentists, community oral health officers (equivalent to dental therapists) and dental technologists comprised 72%, 15% and 12%, respectively. Nairobi county with 100% urbanization and >4000 people/km2 had 43% of the workforce and a dentist to population ratio of 1:9,018. Wajir with an urbanization level of 15% and 12 people/km2 had no dental facility. Overall, 11%, 19%, 35% and 58% of the Kenyan population were within 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 km radius of a dental clinic respectively.
Conclusion: Maldistribution of dental workforce in Kenya persists, particularly in less urbanized and sparsely populated areas. GIS map production give health planners a better visual picture of areas that are most in need of health care services based on population profiles.
2022-01-01T00:00:00ZAetiology, pattern and management of oral and maxillofacial injuries at Mulago National Referral HospitalTugaineyo, E.IOdhiambo, W.AAkama, M.KGuthua, S. WDimba, E.A.Ohttp://ir.mu.ac.ke:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/64952022-07-05T08:41:14Z2012-11-01T00:00:00ZAetiology, pattern and management of oral and maxillofacial injuries at Mulago National Referral Hospital
Tugaineyo, E.I; Odhiambo, W.A; Akama, M.K; Guthua, S. W; Dimba, E.A.O
Objective: To establish the aetiology, pattern and methods of management of oral
and Maxillofacial injuries (OMFIs) seen at the Oral and Jaw injuries unit of Mulago
National Referral Hospital (MNRH) Kampala, Uganda, over a ten year period.
Design: A descriptive retrospective study.
Setting: Oral and jaw injury unit of Mulago National Referral Hospital, Kampala,
Uganda.
Results: One thousand two hundred and three patient records met the inclusion
criteria. The age range was 1-90 years with a male: female ratio of 4.5:1. The age-group
most affected was the 21-30-year-olds. Road traffic injuries (RTIs) were responsible
for 61% (n=735 of the injuries, interpersonal violence27.6% (n=332), accidental falls
12% (n=142) and firearm injuries 2.2% (n=27). Of the maxillofacial fractures (n=1069)
isolated mandibular fractures were 62%, isolated mid-facial fractures 24% whereas
Pan-facial fractures accounted for 14% .
Conclusion: The victims of OMFIs were mostly young men between 21 and 30 years of
age. The main aetiological factors were road traffic injuries (RTIs) and interpersonal
violence (IPV), while the lower third of the face was most often involved. Consistent
with findings in other studies, RTI and IPV remain the two main causes of Maxillofacial
injuries and public health measures targeting prevention should focus on these
area.
2012-11-01T00:00:00ZCorrelation of panoramic radiographic findings and clinical findings of dental patients at Moi teaching and Referral hospital, KenyaBadru, Abdullatif MuhajiElias, OnditiOkemwa, Kenneth Ahttp://ir.mu.ac.ke:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/64912022-07-05T08:07:23Z2022-01-01T00:00:00ZCorrelation of panoramic radiographic findings and clinical findings of dental patients at Moi teaching and Referral hospital, Kenya
Badru, Abdullatif Muhaji; Elias, Onditi; Okemwa, Kenneth A
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation of panoramic radiographic findings
and clinical findings among dental patients at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital (MTRH), Kenya.
Materials and Methods: This was a hospital based cross sectional study conducted at the Radiology and
Imaging department and dental department at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital from September, 2019
to June, 2020. A total of 93 consenting patients were enrolled using systematic random sampling.
Standard chart review forms were administered, and clinical examination findings documented.
Panoramic radiograph findings were then discussed with a consultant radiologists and findings recorded.
Descriptive statistics were carried out. Categorical variables were summarized as frequencies and
proportions, and reported in tables. Numerical variables were summarized as median and interquartile
ranges. Cross tabulation was done to compare clinical examination and panoramic radiograph findings
where total raw agreement was reported as proportions.
Results: 93 patients whose ages ranged from 5-73 years with a mean of 29 years were included into the
study. Radiographic features of dental caries were present in 54% of panoramic radiographs compared to
clinical examination (50.5%) while 23.7% of radiographs revealed impacted teeth compared to clinical
examination (19.4%). Radiographic features of periodontitis were observed in 14% compared to clinical
examination (16.1%). Fractures (12.9%) were observed radiographically compared to (10.7%) clinically.
Periapical lesions (8.6%) were observed radiographically compared to clinical examination (6.4%).
Temporo-mandibular disorder (6.5%) were observed both on radiographs and clinical examination.
Radiographic features of missing teeth (3.2%) were observed compared to clinical examination (1.1%)
while only 1.1% of malpositioned teeth were observed radiographically compared to clinical examination
(2.2%). Notably, mandibular lesions (3.2%) and nasal congestion (14%) were only discovered
radiographically. The overall raw agreement between panoramic radiograph and clinical examination was
75.3% (70/93) with a p value of less than 0.001.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends that all patients presenting
with dental conditions should be done panoramic radiograph to improve diagnosis. Moi Teaching and
Referral Hospital and the Ministry of Health to consider routine panoramic radiographs in the guidelines
for the assessment of dental patients in all the hospitals offering, dental health services
2022-01-01T00:00:00ZTemporomandibular joint dislocation in NairobiSang, Lionel KoechMulupi, E.Akama, M.K.Muriithi, J.M.Macigo, F.G.M.L., Chindiahttp://ir.mu.ac.ke:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/64692022-06-27T12:38:43Z2010-01-01T00:00:00ZTemporomandibular joint dislocation in Nairobi
Sang, Lionel Koech; Mulupi, E.; Akama, M.K.; Muriithi, J.M.; Macigo, F.G.; M.L., Chindia
Background: Despite the diverse conservative and surgical modalities for the
management of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dislocation and the controversy that
surrounds them, very little has been done within the East-African setup in terms of
highlighting and provoking greater interest in the epidemiology and management
of TMJ dislocation.
Objective: To audit the pattern of occurrence, demographics, aetiology and enumerate
the treatment modalities of TMJ dislocation at the oral and maxillofacial surgery
division (OMFS) of the University of Nairobi Dental Hospital.
Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study.
Setting: University of Nairobi Dental Hospital (UNDH) from January 1995 to July
2005.
Results: Twenty nine patients had been diagnosed and managed for TMJ dislocation.
Twenty (69%) were females and nine (31%) were males. Their ages ranged from 10-95
years with a mean of 42 years. The cases managed were primarily chronic in nature.
The most common form being anterior TMJ dislocation, accounting for twenty-five
(86.2%) cases. Trauma was implicated as an aetiology in only five (17%) of the cases
while the remaining majority of twenty four (83%) cases were spontaneous. Amongst
the causes of spontaneous TMJ dislocation, yawning was the most common accounting
for fourteen cases (48.3%). Dislocations caused by trauma were found to be 12.6 times
more likely to be associated with other injuries than spontaneous dislocations. Anterior
TMJ dislocations were found to be 1.3 times more likely to be associated with absence
of molars than posterior TMJ dislocations. Anatomical aberrations, as predisposing
factors, were not a significant finding in this research. Eight (28%) of the cases were
managed conservatively. Twenty one (72%) of the cases were managed surgically. The
eminectomy was the most common technique with a 75% success rate. The highest
incidence of TMJ dislocation occurs in the 3rd-5th decade with a female preponderance
with bilateral anterior TMJ dislocation being the most common. Most of the cases were
managed surgically with eminectomy being the preferred technique with the highest
success rate. A study needs to be undertaken to determine reasons’ why conservative
modalities are least employed in the management of TMJ dislocation in our setup
and what can be done about it.
2010-01-01T00:00:00Z