Objectives: To determine COVID-19 antibody positivity rates over time and rela tionships to pregnancy outcomes in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).Design: With COVID-19 antibody positivity at delivery as the exposure, ...

Background: Caesarean section (C-section) rates are often low among the poor and very high among the better- off in low- and middle-income countries. We examined to what extent these differences are explained by medical need ...