How Social Determinants of Health and Health System Factors Shape the Breast Cancer Continuum in Kenya

Abstract

Purpose of Review Breast cancer remains a significant public health concern in Kenya, where social determinants of health (SDH) significantly influence access to and outcomes across the care continuum—from screening and diagnosis to treatment and palliative care. This review explores how SDH intersect with health system factors to shape the breast cancer care experience in Kenya, with a focus on identifying both barriers and facilitators.

Recent Findings Drawing on literature, national data, and programmatic experiences from the Academic Model for Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH) consortium and its partners, we examine the impact of SDH—including socioeconomic status, education, geography, cultural beliefs, and health policy—on each aspect of the breast cancer care continuum. Key barriers include limited awareness, inadequate infrastructure, financial constraints, and cultural stigma. However, community-based education, decentralized screening programs, and emerging health financing reforms with the Social Health Authority (SHA) offer promising avenues for improvement.

Summary The integration of advanced diagnostics, telepathology, and targeted outreach has shown potential in enhancing early detection and treatment access. Addressing breast cancer in Kenya requires a multi-sectoral approach that not only strengthens the health systems but also actively engages with the social and cultural contexts of care. Policies that promote equity, expand access, and leverage community-level strengths are essential to improving outcomes and reducing disparities.