Effects of transnational terrorism on Hospitality industry in Kenya

Abstract

Hospitality industry is a key pillar to any state economy and a major contributor of country’s GDP. However the rise of transnational terrorism in Kenya has brought devastating impact to the vibrant industry. It is on this basis that the study was carried to assess the effect of transnational terrorism on hospitality industry. The main objective was to assess the effect of transnational terrorism on hospitality industry in Kenya. With specific objectives being; to examine why hospitality industry in Kenya is vulnerable to transnational terror attacks, to assess the impact of transnational terrorism on hospitality industry in Kenya and also to assess the effectiveness of counterterrorism strategies on the hospitality industry in Kenya. This research was grounded on two theories, securitization theory and instrumental theory of terrorism. The research study adopted descriptive research design and mixed method research methodology. To achieve its objectives the study used both primary and secondary data. Data collection was both interactive (interview, and focus group discussions) and non-interactive which involved both questionnaires and documentary analysis. Primary data was obtained using in depth interview schedule, focus group discussions, observation and questionnaires, while secondary data was subjected to critical textual analysis and interpretation to test the relevance and accuracy of the document for the purpose of the study. The target population included management of hotels within star rating, Tour Guides, officials from ministry of tourism, department of tourism and culture in Mombasa County, security personnel and International Security table of mean and standard deviation. Analysis of data was done both in quantative and qualitative, quantitative data utilized descriptive survey while qualitative data was analyzed thematically based on the objectives of the study. From the findings, the study found out that the hospitality industry has been vulnerable to terrorism attacks due to its economic pillar, a major source of Foreign Direct Investment, it also found that the transnational terrorism is a major threat to Kenya’s peace and security and great hindrance to state’s development.The study also pinpointed Kenya’s achievement in countering transantional terrorism. In conclusion, the study recommends paradigm shift in securitization process with utilization of enhanced technology, broader and structure diplomatic engagement, policy and legal formulation towards crisis management of the hospitality sector.