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Title: | Experimental chemotherapy with allium sativum (Liliaceae) methanolic extract in rodents infected with leishmania major and leishmania donovani |
Authors: | Wabwoba, Byrum W. Anjili, Christopher O. Ngeiywa, Moses M. Ngure, Peter K. Kigondu, Elizabeth M. Ingonga, Johnstone I Makwali, Judith |
Keywords: | Amastigotes Promastigotes Antimonials Leishmaniasis Methanolic extract |
Issue Date: | 2010 |
Abstract: | Background & objectives: Several plant products have been tested and found to possess anti- leishmanial activity. The present study was undertaken to establish whether methanolic extract of Allium sativum Linn has antileishmanial activity in comparison to standard drugs. Methods: Methanolic extract of A. sativum bulbs was screened for in vitro and in vivo antileishmanial activity against Leishmania major strain (NLB 145) and L. donovani strain (NLB 065). Pentostam® and Amphotericin B® were used as standard drugs. BALB/c mice and golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) were used in in vivo studies on L. major and L. donovani respectively. Results: The extract exhibited very low cytotoxicity (IC50 >450 μg/ml) against Vero cells. The extract had significantly better (p <0.001) leishmanicidal activity against both species (IC50 34.22 μg/ml to L. major, 37.41 μg/ml to L. donovani) than Pentostam. However, the activity was significantly lower (p <0.001) than that of Amphotericin B against both the species. At a concentration of 250 μg/ml, the extract induced the production of 60 μM of nitric oxide, a ten-fold up-regulation in activated macrophages. The multiplication indices for L. major amastigotes treated in 100 μg/ml were significantly different (p <0.05). Treatment with the extract, daily for 28 days led to a significant reduction (p <0.05) in footpad swelling in BALB/c mice; similar activity noticed in the treatment with standard drugs. The Leishman-Donovan Units (LDU) for the extract treated animals were significantly higher (p <0.05) than those of standard drugs, but lower compared to the negative control. Interpretation & conclusion: Since the mechanism of action for the methanolic extract is apparently immunomodulatory, garlic compounds could be purified and tried as complementary medicine in the management of leishmaniases. |
URI: | http://ir.mu.ac.ke:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/5582 |
Appears in Collections: | School of Biological and Physical Sciences |
Files in This Item:
File | Description | Size | Format | |
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Judith Mwakali etal.pdf | 187.27 kB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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