Geohelminthiasis: Risk factor analysis, prevalence and infection intensity among pregnant women in Bungoma County, Kenya

Abstract

Geohelminthiasis are common in sub Saharan Africa. It is associated with morbidity and mortality in pregnancy. The study aimed at analyzing risk factors, prevalence and infection intensity among pregnant women in Bungoma County, Kenya. A cross sectional hospital based survey that was carried out from March 2016 to January 2017. Consecutive sampling was used to enrol 750 expectant mothers aged 18 to 45 years, seeking antenatal services at the hospital. Kato-katz technique was used to process stool for identification of eggs. Pre- tested structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-economic risk factors. Data was analysed using STATA Version 12. Discrete values were analysed using frequencies and percentages. Continuous variables were analysed using central tendency such as mean. Chi-square (X 2 ) test was used to determine association between geohelminths and different variables. Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyse the association between geohelminthiases and significant variables at bivariable analysis. Level of significance was set at < 0.05 and 95% CI. Overall prevalence of geohelminthiasis was 185 (24.7%). Ascaris lumbricoides, was the most prevalent 76(41.1%), Necator americanus 73(39.5.%), Trichuris trichiura, 11(5.9%), Enterobius vermicularis, 4(2.2%), Schistosoma mansoni 4(2.2%) and, mixed infection of A. lumbricoides and Necator americanus 17(9.2%). Women without geohelminths 565(75.3%). Risk factors included lack of hand washing, (AOR=3.386, 95% CI 1.664-6.079), use of borehole water for drinking (AOR 1.69, 95% CI 1.144-2.508), lack of shoes (AOR=0.412, 95% CI 210-808) and unemployed (AOR=2.295, 95% CI 1.389-3.990). The study showed a moderate prevalence of geohelminthisis in expectant mothers. Routine stool examination, provision of treated water and health education particularly on personal hygiene are important.