Protein-energy malnutrition in two cohorts of children in a malaria endemic region of western Kenya.

Abstract

Background:Protein-Energy Malnutritionis a major problem in most developing countries. The earliest age for accurate assessment is still a challenge.Objectives:To compare the prevalence of malnutrition and determine the impact of bednets on overall morbidity and mortality in preschool childrenin two groups;aged 0 to 5 months and 6 to 59 months in a high malaria endemic area in Western Kenya.Study design, settings and duration: Three cross-sectional surveys were conducted in Asembo,Rarieda Division, South-West of Kisumu city, Western Kenya between 1999 and 2005 as part of the bednet project.Subjects and Methods: Nutritional status of the children aged between 0 to 6 months then 6 to 59 months, in the study area was done using anthropometric measurements. Statistical analysis was carried out using Chi-square tests or Fisher’s exact test, relative risk and odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals.Results: Out of2112 children, stunting was present in 29.5%. Children in the first3 months of life were relatively unaffected by stunting or underweight. The prevalence of stunting showed a rise from the age of 3 months onwards, peaked between 18-24 months (42.1%) and remained relatively stable between 36-59 months (35.7%). The overall prevalence of underweight was 20.2% and age related pattern was similar to that observed for stunting. The weight gain was only apparent in infants aged 0-3 months.Conclusion: Children in the first 3 months of life were relatively unaffected by stunting or underweight but intervention showed a positive effect on general nutritional status.Policy message: Protein Energy malnutrition could be assessed with accuracy in children between 6 to 59 months.