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Issue Date	Title	Author(s)
2012	Self-report of sexual behavior among adolescents is notoriously inconsistent, yet such measures are commonly used as outcomes for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention interven- tion trials. There has been a growing interest in the use of HIV and other sexually transmitted disease bio- markers as more valid measures of intervention impact in high HIV prevalence areas, particularly in sub- Saharan Africa. We examine the challenges, benefits, and feasibility of including HIV and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) biomarker data, with details about different data collection and disclosure methods from two adolescent prevention trials in Kenya and Zimbabwe. In Kenya, whole blood samples were collected using venipuncture; adult guardians were present during biomarker procedures and test results were disclosed to participants and their guardians. In contrast, in Zimbabwe, samples were collected using finger pricks for dried blood spots (DBS); guardians were not present during biomarker procedures, and results were not disclosed to participants and/or their guardians. In both countries, prevalence in the study samples was low. Although the standard of care for testing for HIV and other sexually transmitted infec- tions includes disclosure in the presence of a guardian for adolescents under age 18, we conclude that more research about the risks and benefits of disclosure to adolescents in the context of a clinical trial is needed. Notably, current serological diagnosis for HSV-2 has a low positive predictive value when prevalence is low, resulting in an unacceptable proportion of false positives and serious concerns about disclosing test results to adolescents within a trial. We also conclude that the DBS approach is more convenient and efficient than venipuncture for field research, although both approaches are feasible.	Mbai, Isabella I; Itindi, Janet
2011	Keeping Adolescent Orphans in school to prevent Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: Evidence from a randomized controlled trial in Kenya	Mbai, Isabella I; Itindi, Janet; Milimo, Benson W
2017	School support as structural HIV prevention for adolescent orphans in western Kenya	Mbai, Isabella
2021	Identification of Microorganisms associated with intraamniotic infection among women with preterm birth at Ruhengeri Referral Hospital, Rwanda: A case control study	Yadufashije, Callixte; Umugwaneza, Jasmine; Muhimpundu, Liliane; Izere, Cedrick; Mwanzia, Lydia
2018	Strategies to improve postnatal care in Kenya: A qualitative study	Roets, Lizeth; Chelagat, Dinah; Joubert, Annemarie
2016	Training palliative care: a study of public and private institutions in Kenya	Cheptum, Joyce; Siongei, Viola Chemuttai; Nyambane, Dennis; Chelagat, Dinah
2020	Effects of tactile-kinesthetic stimulation on feeding and weight of moderate and late preterm neonates	Nyaga, Emily Muthoni; Basiouny, Nehad Sabry; Esamai, Fabian Omoding; Mansy, Gamalat El-Sayed
2017	Preceptor knowledge on preceptorship in an academic hospital in Kenya	Nyaga, Emily Muthoni; Kyololo, O'Brien Munyao
2021	Effect of massage therapy on preterm neonate's body temperature	Nyaga, Emily; Esamai, Fabian; Kyololo, O'Brien
2020	Development and collaborations of a nursing workgroup within a bilateral global medical consortium	Reid, Davika D.; Von Gaudecker, Jane R.; Sila, Faith M.; Zuniga, Julie A.; Haskett, Lindsay A.; Tarus, Titus K.; Kyololo, O'Brian; Chelagat, Dinah J.