An epidemiological study on Babesia infection in small ruminants in Mashhad suburb, Khorasan province, Iran

Abstract

The prevalence of Babesia infection was studied in sheep and goats in Mashhad area from 1998 to 2000. A total of 391 sheep and 385 goats from 77 flocks were clinically examined for the presence of Babesia blood smears and any tick species on the body of the animals. The study revealed that 26.1% of sheep and 14.8% of goats were infected with Babesia. The prevalence of Babesia ovis and Babesia motasi in sheep and goats were 23.5%, 0.5% and 14%, 0.5%, respectively. Double (mixed) infections occurred in 10 sheep (2.5%) and 1 goat (0.25%). The prevalence of Babesia infection between male and female and between different age groups of sheep and goats were statistically non-significant. Seasonally, the prevalence of Babesia infection in sheep reached highest level in August (56%), while a decrease was observed in September reaching the lowest level In February and March. The monthly prevalence of Babesia in goats was not significant. The clinical signs of Babesiosis were observed in 8% of infected sheep and 6.8% of infected goats. The percentage of infected sheep with higher parasitemia was more than infected goats.

In this study, five ixodid species were collected from sheep and goats. The Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Hyalomma marginatum, were the most common species in sheep and goats. Other tick species encountered were Dermacentor daghestanicus in goats and Hyalomma anatolicum, Hyalomma asiaticum in sheep. The attachment sites of R. sanguineus and H. marginatum, H. anatolicum were around the anus, but D. daghestanicus was in the shoulder region.