Cholera Epidemics in Busia District:Risk Factors in the Inter-Epidemic Period

Abstract

Background:Busia district experiences frequent cholera outbreaks. Of its 6 divisions, Funyula, Matayos and Budalangi are more frequently affected compared to Butula, Nambale and Township. Objective: To determine the main risk factors for cholera during the inter-epidemic period in the high risk and low risk divisions ofBusia Methodology: This was a cross-sectional District. study conducted in Matayos and Funyula divisions (High risk) and Butula and Nambale divisions (Low risk) using multistage sampling technique. A sample providers were purposively size of 364 households was selected. 41 health sampled while 40 water samples and 77 stool samples were randomly selected. Data was analysed using the SPSS computer package. Results: A significantly higher percentage of households in the high risk population commonly used river and lake water sources as compared to the low risk one. 75% of the water samples from the high risk population bacteria as compared were contaminated with coliform to only 45% from the low risk one. In both populations, than 30% treated drinking water at home. 30% of the high risk population clothes at the water sources significantly higher percentage as compared less washed to 15% of the low risk population. of the low risk population A (93%) used latrines or toilets as compared to 74% of the high risk one. None of the water or stool samples tested positive for vibrio cholerae. Strengthening home water treatment and ensuring clean sources of water were weak preventive measures in both study populations. Conclusions and Recommendations: The main risk factors identified contaminated water sources, failure to treat drinking water, inadequate latrines and inadequate and relevant stakeholders home treatment preventive measures. It is recommended toilets or pit that health workers in the district should step up health education especially on of drinking water using sustainable methods. People should encouraged to have toilets or latrines especially in the high risk population. DHMT sectors should foster were collaboration with other to strengthen measures in place, especially provision oftap water to the community.