Economic factors determining poverty levels among women in Langas, Uasin Gishu County, Kenya

Abstract

Women’s role within society has a remarkable impact on poverty alleviation, though they are susceptible to gender-based inequalities, uncompensated caregiving, and domestic duties. This study examined the socio-economic factors influencing poverty among women in Langas, Uasin Gishu County. The specific objectives were: (i) to examine the socio-demographic factors affecting women in Langas, (ii) to determine the income levels and patterns that impact household poverty, (iii) to assess household expenditure levels and patterns that influence poverty, and (iv) to analyze women’s economic status in relation to household poverty. Guided by Sen’s Capability Approach, the study adopted a descriptive research design with a sample of 380 women selected through stratified and simple random sampling. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and binary logistic regression. The regression results revealed that several socio- demographic and economic factors significantly predict household poverty. Employment status was a significant determinant (β = -0.061, p = 0.048), suggesting that women engaged in stable employment face reduced poverty risk. Savings emerged as a protective factor (β = -0.385, p = 0.020), while reliance on credit increased vulnerability to poverty (β = 0.556, p = 0.013). Household expenditure adequacy strongly predicted poverty likelihood (β = 0.714, p = 0.001), as did disproportionate spending on food and beverages (β = 0.856, p = 0.045). Women’s economic empowerment reduced poverty risk (β = -0.537, p = 0.016), while the ability to earn income significantly lowered poverty incidence (β = 0.516, p = 0.031). Access to savings/loans for emergencies (β = -0.473, p = 0.043) and current economic knowledge/skills (β = -0.535, p = 0.027) were also protective. These findings underscore that wage stability, prudent income patterns, adequate household expenditure, and women’s empowerment collectively shape poverty outcomes. The study concludes that policy interventions should focus on enhancing women’s access to stable employment, savings opportunities, and financial literacy while reducing dependence on informal credit systems. Strengthening women’s empowerment programs can significantly reduce poverty vulnerability and improve household welfare.